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Genoese (''Zeneize'') is a dialect of the Ligurian language spoken in Genoa (the principal city of the Liguria region in Northern Italy). Ligurian is listed by Ethnologue as a language in its own right, of the Romance branch, and not to be confused with the ancient Ligurian language. Like the languages of Lombardy, Piedmont, and surrounding regions, it is Gallo-Italic. The language is far from dying out. While most remaining speakers of it are elderly, many young people still speak the language. Further, there are several associations dedicated to keeping the language alive, like "O Castello" in Chiavari and "A Compagna" in Genoa. Written literature has been produced in Genoese since the thirteenth century, but the spelling has never been regularized. However, since 2008 there is an official orthography set up by the Académia Ligùstica do Brénno, which attempts to put its script in order based on citizen speech of the Portoria area. Their rules, which may be seen (here ), are useful to write in all Ligurian language varieties. Genoese phonology includes a number of similarities with French. One of these is the heavily nasalized vowels before nasal consonants (i.e. in VN(C) sequences). This also occurs when Genoese speakers speak standard Italian. There used to be an alveolar approximant (English-like) opposed to an alveolar trill (using the eighteenth century genoese spelling: ''caro'' "dear" vs. ''carro'' "cart"), but it is no longer heard in the city. It may still survive in some rural areas of Liguria, such as Calizzano and Sassello. Audio samples may be heard (here ). By far the most widespread type of today is the alveolar tap (identical to unstressed Standard Italian ). There are several distinctive local accents of Genoese. Nervi, Quinto and Quarto are heard to the east of Genoa. Voltri, Prà, Pegli and Sestri are heard to the west. There are also accents of the central Polcevera Valley and Bisagno. Genoese is also an influence on the Llanito vernacular of Gibraltar. ==Tongue twisters== * ''Sò asæ s'a sâ a sä asæ pe sâ a säsissa.'' = I don't have a clue whether the salt is going to be enough to salt the sausage. *''Scia scîe scignôa, sciando scia xêua inscî scî.'' = Ski, madam, skying you fly on skis. *''A-o mêu nêuo gh'è nêue nâe nêue; a ciû nêua de nêue nâe nêue a n'êu anâ.'' = At the new pier there are nine new ships; the newest of the nine new ships doesn't want to go. *''Gi'angiai g'han gi'oggi gi'uegge gi'unge cume gi'atri?'' = Do angels have eyes, ears, and (finger)nails like everyone else? (variant of the Cogorno ''comune'') 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「genoese dialect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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